Understand the technology and its users
Dual-use applications connect civilian and military contexts. Assessing a business requires knowledge of the product, end users and operating conditions. The label alone does not establish a market, licence requirement or regulatory classification.
Space communications, observation and navigation illustrate the relationship between services and security. Reliability, information protection and supplier dependencies can influence investment and organisation.
Governance and specialist assessment
Export controls, investment screening and national security procedures are distinct areas requiring case-specific expertise. This dossier identifies the questions rather than offering legal classifications. An acquisition may change control over knowledge, contracts and information, so security and industrial analysis need to be considered together.
Resilient supply chains
Cybersecurity is also a matter of processes and responsibility. European strategic autonomy can be examined through the continuity of skills, available alternatives and critical dependencies, alongside the scale of industrial groups.
